Computer-System Organization And Architecture

Computer Organization

Basic structure and components of computer systems

Instruction Set Architecture

Types of instructions and addressing modes

Processor Architecture

CPU design and implementation

Pipelining

Instruction pipelining and hazards

Memory Hierarchy

Cache, main memory, and secondary storage

Cache Memory

Cache organization and replacement policies

Virtual Memory

Page tables and address translation

I/O Systems

Input/output organization and interfaces

Bus Architecture

System buses and communication protocols

Parallel Processing

Multiprocessor systems and architectures

RISC vs CISC

Comparison of processor architectures

Arithmetic Logic Unit

ALU design and operations

Control Unit

Control signals and microprogramming

Register Organization

CPU registers and their functions

Interrupts

Interrupt handling and priorities

Direct Memory Access

DMA controllers and data transfer

Multicore Architecture

Multi-core processors and cache coherence

Superscalar Architecture

Multiple instruction issue and execution

Vector Processing

Vector processors and SIMD operations

Quantum Computing

Quantum bits and quantum gates