Android Basics

Introduction to Android platform and architecture

Introduction to Android

Android एक open-source mobile operating system है जो Linux kernel पर आधारित है। इसे Google द्वारा develop किया गया है और यह primarily touchscreen mobile devices के लिए designed है।

Android is an open-source mobile operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was developed by Google and is primarily designed for touchscreen mobile devices.

Key Features (मुख्य विशेषताएं):

  • Open Source Platform (खुला स्रोत मंच)
  • Linux-based Kernel (लिनक्स आधारित कर्नेल)
  • Rich Application Framework (समृद्ध एप्लिकेशन फ्रेमवर्क)
  • Optimized for Mobile Devices (मोबाइल डिवाइस के लिए अनुकूलित)
  • Large Developer Community (बड़ा डेवलपर समुदाय)

Android Architecture

Android architecture को multiple layers में divide किया गया है:

Android architecture is divided into multiple layers:

  • Linux Kernel: Hardware abstraction layer और basic system functionality provide करता है
  • Linux Kernel: Provides hardware abstraction layer and basic system functionality
  • Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): Hardware components के लिए standard interfaces provide करता है
  • Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): Provides standard interfaces for hardware components
  • Android Runtime: Core libraries और Dalvik Virtual Machine include करता है
  • Android Runtime: Includes core libraries and Dalvik Virtual Machine
  • Native C/C++ Libraries: System components के लिए native libraries
  • Native C/C++ Libraries: Native libraries for system components
  • Java API Framework: Android apps develop करने के लिए high-level APIs
  • Java API Framework: High-level APIs for developing Android apps
  • System Apps: Pre-installed applications और user interface
  • System Apps: Pre-installed applications and user interface

    • Android Application Components

    Android applications चार main components से बने होते हैं:

    Android applications are built from four main components:

    Core Components (मुख्य घटक):

    • Activities: User interface का single screen
    • Activities: A single screen in the user interface
    • Services: Background processes
    • Services: Background processes
    • Broadcast Receivers: System-wide announcements के लिए listeners
    • Broadcast Receivers: Listeners for system-wide announcements
    • Content Providers: Data sharing between applications
    • Content Providers: Data sharing between applications

    Android Development Tools

    Android apps develop करने के लिए essential tools:

    Essential tools for developing Android apps:

  • Android Studio: Official IDE for Android development
  • Android Studio: Official IDE for Android development
  • Android SDK: Software Development Kit
  • Android SDK: Software Development Kit
  • Android Emulator: Virtual device for testing
  • Android Emulator: Virtual device for testing
  • Gradle: Build automation tool
  • Gradle: Build automation tool
  • Kotlin/Java: Programming languages
  • Kotlin/Java: Programming languages

    • Development Environment Setup

    Android development शुरू करने के लिए setup process:

    Setup process to start Android development:

  • Step 1: Android Studio download करें
  • Step 1: Download Android Studio
  • Step 2: Java Development Kit (JDK) install करें
  • Step 2: Install Java Development Kit (JDK)
  • Step 3: Android SDK components configure करें
  • Step 3: Configure Android SDK components
  • Step 4: Virtual device create करें
  • Step 4: Create a virtual device
  • Step 5: First project create करें
  • Step 5: Create your first project