I/O Systems

Introduction

I/O systems manage the communication between a computer and its external devices, handling data transfer, device control, and error management.

I/O Organization

Key components of I/O systems:

• I/O Controllers
  • Device Controllers
  • DMA Controllers
  • Interrupt Controllers
• I/O Interfaces
  • Serial Interfaces
  • Parallel Interfaces
  • Network Interfaces

I/O Techniques

Different I/O techniques:

• Programmed I/O
  • Polling
  • Interrupt-driven I/O
• Direct Memory Access (DMA)
  • DMA Operation
  • DMA Controllers
  • DMA Transfer Modes

I/O Management

I/O management aspects:

• Device Drivers
• I/O Scheduling
• Buffer Management
• Error Handling
• Device Independence

Important Concepts